The effects of clouds on the light produced by lightning

A Monte Carlo simulation of the effects of finite clouds on the light impulses was produced by point and finite lightning sources within cubical, cylindrical, and spherical clouds. It is shown that absorption is essentially negligible in the visible and near infrared. The fractions of photons which escape various cloud surfaces are a function of position and geometry of the source. The light emission is high for intracloud discharges and the incloud portion of cloud to ground discharges. It is concluded that the characteristic dimensions of the light escaping from a cloud surface are typically 60 to 70% of the cloud dimensions while the time broadening of an impulse by multiple scattering can be tens of microseconds or more

Deep in the Burbs : a Participatory Action Research Project Exploring How the Social Trinity Impacts Spiritual Formation in Suburban ELCA Congregations

Deep in the Burbs is a participatory action research project that gathered members from three upper-Midwest suburban ELCA congregations to explore how engagement with the social Trinity might impact the research team’s ideation or praxis of spiritual formation. The research team pursued this question through the practice of Dwelling in the Word—specifically in select passages from the Upper Room Discourse (John 13-17)—various modalities of communicative learning, and communicative action projects in the community. The data indicate three major themes that became important to the research team: the essential nature of relationships, the necessity of reflection, and the awareness of the Holy Spirit’s agency in the world. These findings indicate that the process of participatory action research itself is a Trinitarian praxis that empowered the research team to shift from a vertical-personal ideation and praxis of spiritual formation to a horizontal-communal ideation and praxis of spiritual formation. This shift demonstrates the self-transcendence inherent in spiritual formation. These findings also provide practical implications for leaders of the missional church who seek to engage the suburban neighbor in the Gospel of peace—to the glory of God, through Jesus, and in the power of the Holy Spirit

Monotone graph limits and quasimonotone graphs

The recent theory of graph limits gives a powerful framework for understanding the properties of suitable (convergent) sequences $(G_n)$ of graphs in terms of a limiting object which may be represented by a symmetric function $W$ on $[0,1]$, i.e., a kernel or graphon. In this context it is natural to wish to relate specific properties of the sequence to specific properties of the kernel. Here we show that the kernel is monotone (i.e., increasing in both variables) if and only if the sequence satisfies a `quasi-monotonicity' property defined by a certain functional tending to zero. As a tool we prove an inequality relating the cut and $L^1$ norms of kernels of the form $W_1-W_2$ with $W_1$ and $W_2$ monotone that may be of interest in its own right; no such inequality holds for general kernels.Comment: 38 page

On the Concept of a Notational Variant

In the study of modal and nonclassical logics, translations have frequently been employed as a way of measuring the inferential capabilities of a logic. It is sometimes claimed that two logics are “notational variants” if they are translationally equivalent. However, we will show that this cannot be quite right, since first-order logic and propositional logic are translationally equivalent. Others have claimed that for two logics to be notational variants, they must at least be compositionally intertranslatable. The definition of compositionality these accounts use, however, is too strong, as the standard translation from modal logic to first-order logic is not compositional in this sense. In light of this, we will explore a weaker version of this notion that we will call schematicity and show that there is no schematic translation either from first-order logic to propositional logic or from intuitionistic logic to classical logic

Faculty Internationalization Perceptions: Comparing Disciplines

This project examined faculty internationalization perceptions at a medium-sized public university. In this phase of the project, the researchers focused on the potential differences between distinct faculty groups. The groups under review were based on the university\u27s academic schools of Arts & Letters, Aviation, Business, Computing, Education & Behavioral Sciences, and Health & Natural Sciences. Two sets of data were collected and analyzed. The first collection was exploratory in nature and was collected in the first quarter of 2020. The second dataset was meant to confirmatory and was collected in the fourth quarter of 2020. In hindsight, we now know that the first data gathering period was pre-COVID-19, while the second collection period was mid-COVID-19

Supersonic aeroelastic instability results for a NASP-like wing model

An experimental study and an analytical study have been conducted to examine static divergence for hypersonic-vehicle wing models at supersonic conditions. A supersonic test in the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel facility was conducted for two wind-tunnel models. These models were nearly identical with the exception of airfoil shape. One model had a four-percent maximum thickness airfoil and the other model had an eight-percent maximum thickness airfoil. The wing models had low-aspect ratios and highly swept leading edges. The all-movable wing models were supported by a single-pivot mechanism along the wing root. For both of the wind-tunnel models, configuration changes could be made in the wing-pivot location along the wing root and in the wing-pivot pitch stiffness. Three divergence conditions were measured for the four-percent thick airfoil model in the Mach number range of 2.6 to 3.6 and one divergence condition was measured for the eight-percent thick airfoil model at a Mach number of 2.9. Analytical divergence calculations were made for comparison with experimental results and to evaluate the parametric effects of wing-pivot stiffness, wing-pivot location, and airfoil thickness variations. These analyses showed that decreasing airfoil thickness, moving the wing-pivot location upstream, or increasing the pitch-pivot stiffness have the beneficial effect of increasing the divergence dynamic pressures. The calculations predicted the trend of experimental divergence dynamic pressure with Mach number accurately; however, the calculations were approximately 25 percent conservative with respect to dynamic pressure

Workers\u27 Compensation: Benefits, Costs, and Safety Under Alternative Insurance Arrangements

Thomason, Schmidle, and Burton make use of a unique data set to delve into how insurance arrangements affect several objectives of the workers\u27 compensation (WC) program. They underscore the effects of deregulation and other changes in WC insurance pricing arrangements by performing empirical analyses that use state-specific cost, benefit, and injury data from 48 states for 1975-1995. This allows them to address the interactive relationships among the four objectives of WC systems adequacy of benefits, affordability of WC insurance, efficiency in the benefits delivery system, and prevention of workplace injuries and diseases and how various public policies adopted by states or the federal government work to achieve them.https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/1058/thumbnail.jp

XPS and AFM study of interaction of organosilane and sizing with e-glass fibre surface

Organosilanes are often used in commercial sizings for glass fibres to provide wettability with the resin and promote strong interfacial adhesion to the matrix in a fibre reinforced polymer composite. The silane treatment is introduced as part of a complex deposition from an aqueous emulsion immediately at the spinaret and determines the optimum properties of the cured composite. To understand the interaction of organosilanes contained in sizings for glass surfaces, XPS was used to investigate the adsorption of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) from a simple sizing system containing a polyurethane (PU) film former. It has been found that both APS and the sizing (containing APS and PU) deposits on E-glass fibre surfaces contained components of differing hydrolytic stability. The differences observed in the AFM images of APS coated E-glass fibres before and after water extraction also confirmed that the APS deposit contained components with different water solubility

Toward an Understanding of Georgia Faculty Internationalization Perceptions

This paper summarized the results of a faculty internationalization perception survey completed by 78 faculty at a Georgia university. The primary objective of this project was hypothesis generation. By applying a data exploration methodology, we visualized and repeatedly tested the data using the R environment for statistical computing and graphics. Following the visualization and testing, we generated three hypotheses to be used in future projects